Shoulder (low cost design)

Shoulder must be kept as low in height as possible: The higher the shoulder, the greater the metal waste and manufacturing cost. There are many alternative designs for low cost shoulder, like ring stops and ring fitted into cylindrical recess and others. A very simple solution is to drill a hole on the shaft and fit into a milled dowel pin. The flats on both sides of the pin provide enough area. In the above figure the pin serves as a spring base attached to a shaft. The spring rest only on a small area (flats at both ends) and its functionality will not be distorted. This solution is best only for light loading operation (small torsion stresses), general for non critical situations.